Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is an inherited genetic condition affecting the peripheral nerves of the body. Peripheral nerves lie outside the spinal cord and are responsible for supplying the sensory organs and muscles of the limbs. In CMT disease the peripheral nerves are damaged leading to altered nerve transmission to the muscles in the limbs and subsequently altered function. The causes may vary but are usually the result of a genetic abnormality affecting the structure and function of the nerves.
There are many different types of CMT disease according to the different genetic mutation. CMT may also be known as:
- Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy
- Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy
- Hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy
- Peroneal muscular atrophy
The condition is usually diagnosed by a neurologist who will carry out a number of tests including a neurological examination and details of your family history. Electromyography tests may be used to examine the function of the nerves and DNA tests may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Physiotherapy treatment can help reduce the physical impairments associated with CMT disease by increasing muscle strength and length, advising on appropriate orthotics and improving mobility to maximise your quality of life.
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