Erb’s palsy is a condition affecting the brachial plexus nerve complex. Damage to the nerves which supply the arm usually occurs during a traumatic delivery in babies by excessive pulling. In adults Erb’s palsy may occur as a result of trauma, for example during a fall where the nerves are stretched violently or as a result of gunshot wounds or a dislocated shoulder.
The brachial plexus is made up of nerve fibres formed by the ventral rami of the nerve roots C5-T1. The nerves are responsible for muscular and skin innervation for the upper limb; damage to the nerves can therefore result in severe impairments.
Diagnosis is usually made by a doctor on the basis of the presentation of the symptoms. X-rays may be taken to exclude the presence of any bony injury. Electromyography and nerve conduction tests may be used to further assess nerve function.
Physiotherapy treatment can aid recovery from Erb’s palsy by providing advice on appropriate exercises and positioning to improve muscle strength and maintain range of movement in the arm while the nerve is recovering.
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